About spinoff. (n.d.). NASA Spinoff. https://spinoff.nasa.gov/spinoff Animal biology program. (2023, September 5). Science Mission Directorate | Science. https://science.nasa.gov/biological-physical/programs/space-biology/animal-biology/experiments Barberio, P. E., & University of Melbourne. (2022, November 22). Exploring the most unknown universe. Pursuit. https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/exploring-the-most-unknown-universe Catechism of the Catholic Church (2nd ed.). (1997). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Chen, S. (2023, August 7). Chinese scientific study challenges concept for ‘rods from god’ weapon. South China Morning Post. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3229990/chinas-hypersonic-tungsten-rod-experiment-challenges-us-rods-god-space-weapon-concept Choi, C. Q. (2019, November 20). How weather satellites changed the world. Space.com. https://www.space.com/8186-weather-satellites-changed-world.html The Christian Science Monitor. (2013, February 19). Copernicus and the Church: What the history books don't say. https://www.csmonitor.com/Technology/2013/0219/Copernicus-and-the-Church-What-the-history-books-don-t-say CIA. (1964, August). Comparison of US and Estimated Soviet Expenditures for Space Programs. We are the Nation's first line of defense - CIA. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000316255.pdf CIA. (1999). A Comparison of Soviet and US Gross National Products. We are the Nation's first line of defense - CIA. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000498181.pdf Commercial Space Launch Act Amendments of 1988. (n.d.). congress.gov. https://www.congress.gov/bill/100th-congress/house-bill/4399 Cowell, A. (1992, October 31). After 350 Years, Vatican Says Galileo Was Right: It Moves. The New York Times - Breaking News, US News, World News and Videos. https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/31/world/after-350-years-vatican-says-galileo-was-right-it-moves.html Cunff, A. L. (2020, May 5). The science of curiosity: Why we keep asking "why". Ness Labs. https://nesslabs.com/science-of-curiosity Davila, G. (2023, April 28). SpaceX is Grounded After Rocket Explosion Caused Extensive Environmental Damage. TPR. https://www.tpr.org/environment/2023-04-27/photos-spacex-is-grounded-after-rocket-explosion-caused-extensive-environmental-damage Davis, M. (2021, January 28). The Space Race. Miller Center. https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/educational-resources/space-race Department of State. (n.d.). Milestones: 1953–1960. Office of the Historian. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1953-1960/sputnik Economic Impact Study. (2022, October). NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/nasa_fy21_economic_impact_report_full.pdf Faith and Science. (2021, June 23). Galileo - A quick summary - Vatican observatory. Vatican Observatory. https://www.vaticanobservatory.org/resources/galileo/historical-events/galileo-a-quick-summary/ Gambino, M. (2012, April 22). What is on voyager’s golden record? Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-is-on-voyagers-golden-record-73063839/ George, K. W. (2019, February). The Economic Impacts of the Commercial Space Industry. ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0265964618300651 GEROVITCH, S. (2011). “Why Are We Telling Lies?” The Creation of Soviet Space History Myths. Russian Review, 70(3), 460–484. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41289978 Hamer, A. (2019, August 1). If the universe is expanding, what is it expanding into? Discovery. https://www.discovery.com/science/Universe-Is-Expanding Harrison, M. (2017). The Soviet Economy, 1917–1991: Its Life and Afterlife. The Independent Review, 22(2), 199–206. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26314815 Harrison, T., & Thomas, N. (2016). NASA in the Second Space Age: Exploration, Partnering, and Security. Strategic Studies Quarterly, 10(4), 2–13. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26271527 Heinecke, R. (2022, May 30). How much air pollution do rocket launches cause? Breeze Technologies. https://www.breeze-technologies.de/blog/how-much-air-pollution-do-rocket-launches-cause/ History. (n.d.). Vatican Observatory. https://www.vaticanobservatory.va/en/history How space science can help us combat climate change. (2022, November 10). UKRI – UK Research and Innovation. https://www.ukri.org/news-and-events/responding-to-climate-change/topical-stories/how-space-science-can-help-us-combat-climate-change/ ISS benefits for humanity. (2015, March 10). NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/benefits/index.html James Webb space telescope, the world's new great space observatory. (2020, August 26). The Planetary Society. https://www.planetary.org/space-missions/james-webb-space-telescope Johnson, K. (2020). Space Sustainability and Debris Mitigation. In Key Governance Issues in Space (pp. 5–17). Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep26047.6 Jolly, J. L. (2009). The National Defense Education Act, Current STEM Initiative, and the Gifted. ERIC - Education Resources Information Center. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ835843.pdf Koetsier, J. (2021, May 22). Space Inc: 10,000 Companies, $4T Value ... And 52% American. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnkoetsier/2021/05/22/space-inc-10000-companies-4t-value--and-52-american/?sh=5992bff355ac Majority of Americans believe it is essential that the U.S. remain a global leader in space. (2018, June 6). Pew Research Center Science & Society. https://www.pewresearch.org/science/2018/06/06/majority-of-americans-believe-it-is-essential-that-the-u-s-remain-a-global-leader-in-space/ Mission. (n.d.). SpaceX. https://www.spacex.com/mission/ NASA’s DART mission hits asteroid in first-ever planetary defense test. (2022, September 26). NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-dart-mission-hits-asteroid-in-first-ever-planetary-defense-test NASA’s economic benefit reaches all 50 states. (2022, October 27). NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-economic-benefit-reaches-all-50-states/ NASA’s Michoud assembly facility. (2021, July 7). NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/michoud/factsheet.html NASA Reviews. (2023). Glassdoor. https://www.glassdoor.com/Reviews/NASA-Reviews-E7304.htm Nasdaq. (2022, September 22). The Economic Impact of the Space Economy. nasdaq.com. https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/the-economic-impact-of-the-space-economy National defense Education Act. (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/National-Defense-Education-Act NPR. (2021, June 26). SpaceX's New Rocket Factory is Making its Texas Neighbors Mad. https://www.npr.org/2021/06/26/1009487890/spacexs-new-rocket-factory-is-making-its-texas-neighbors-mad The outer space treaty at a glance. (2020, October). Arms Control Association | The authoritative source on arms control since 1971. https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/outerspace Parris, P. (2022, December 19). Why The Pope's telescope is in southern Arizona. KGUN 9 Tucson News. https://www.kgun9.com/absolutely-az/why-the-popes-telescope-is-in-southern-arizona Patrick-lb. (2021, February 23). Vatican space explorations. Vatican Observatory. https://www.vaticanobservatory.org/education/vatican-space-explorations/ Poggioli, S. (2021, June 6). The Vatican's space observatory wants to see stars and faith align. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2021/06/06/1003231191/the-vaticans-space-observatory-wants-to-see-stars-and-faith-align President Barack Obama on space exploration in the 21st century. (2010). NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/news/media/trans/obama_ksc_trans.html Ross, S. (2015, April 6). Why is productivity an important concept in economics? Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/040615/why-productivity-important-concept-economics.asp Roush, A. (2021, September 22). How the Space Race Changed American Education. TechNotes Blog. https://blog.tcea.org/space-race/ Rusek, B. (2020, October). The outer space treaty at a glance. Arms Control Association | The authoritative source on arms control since 1971. https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/outerspace Sadat, M. (2020). Space: New Threats, New Service, New Frontier An Interview with Mir Sadat. Strategic Studies Quarterly, 14(4), 6–17. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26956150 Schindelheim, R. (2021, June 3). Private companies propelling job growth in the space industry. WorkingNation. Schumann, A. (2023, May 19). Outer space treaty. Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation. https://armscontrolcenter.org/outer-space-treaty/#:~:text=The%20treaty%20was%20born%20from,for%20weapons%20and%20weapons%20testinghttps://workingnation.com/private-companies-propelling-job-growth-in-the-space-industry/ Science Reference Section. (2019., November 19). What does it mean when they say the universe is expanding? The Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/everyday-mysteries/astronomy/item/what-does-it-mean-when-they-say-the-universe-is-expanding/ Sen, K. (2021, January 26). Why should I care about economic growth? UNU-WIDER. https://www.wider.unu.edu/publication/why-should-i-care-about-economic-growth Space Development Agency. (2021, May 25). US military places a bet on LEO for space security. https://www.sda.mil/us-military-places-a-bet-on-leo-for-space-security/ SpaceX Reviews. (2023). Glassdoor. https://www.glassdoor.com/Reviews/SpaceX-Reviews-E40371.htm Spinoff archives | NASA spinoff. (n.d.). NASA Spinoff. https://spinoff.nasa.gov/spinoff/archives Surani, S., Gendron, W., & Maredia, S. (n.d.). The economic impact of research and development. GT Library. https://hdl.handle.net/1853/56623 Tavernier, L. (2017, April 19). How NASA studies and tracks asteroids near and far. NASA/JPL Edu. https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/news/2017/4/18/how-nasa-studies-and-tracks-asteroids-near-and-far/ U.S. Senate: Sputnik spurs passage of the national defense Education Act. (2019, December 12). U.S. Senate. https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Sputnik_Spurs_Passage_of_National_Defense_Education_Act.htm Value of NASA. (n.d.). NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/specials/value-of-nasa/#top Whittington, M. R. (2022, June 11). How much does NASA return to the American economy? The Hill. https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/3721375-how-much-does-nasa-return-to-the-american-economy/ Why did the Soviet Union collapse? (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/story/why-did-the-soviet-union-collapse